Code you include into `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` using `from_file` runs with `root` privileges when you run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure`.
Any configuration that is set in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` after `from_file` is included, takes precedence over the configuration from the included file.
## Read certificate from file
Certificates can be stored as separate files and loaded into memory when running `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure`. Files containing
certificates must be plaintext.
In this example, the PostgreSQL server certificate is read directly from a file rather than copy and pasting into the `gitlab.rb` directly.